Estudos científicos sobre ayahuasca

É triste constatar que muitos brasileiros sejam tão ignorantes a respeito de sua própria cultura e de sua própria flora e que digam todo tipo de asneiras ridículas e mentiras sobre a ayahuasca. O mais grave é que existam muitos jornalistas desinformados, que saem escrevendo por aí que a ayahuasca é algo igual à morfina, à cocaína, ao lsd, ao álcool, à maconha etc.

Bando de ignorantes! Porque não estudam antes de escrever sobre alguma coisa? Porque não comparam o teor das experiências, o estado de consciência, as ondas cerebrais etc. para ver a diferença que há entre a ayahuasca e as drogas?

Vai aqui uma lista de estudos para os ignorantes que detestam a ayahuasca e fazem toda sorte de acusações horríveis contra esta bebida sagrada. Irei postanto mais e mais referências conforme tiver tempo. Se vocês tiverem tempo, postem bastante material sério aqui.

Sugestões bibliográficas para ignorantes e interessados sinceros em aprender sobre ayahuasca:

Budzynsky TH. 1986. Clinical applications of non-drug-induced states. In Handbook of States of Consciousness, Wolman BB, Ullman M (eds.). Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.: New York.

Callaway J C, McKenna DH, Grob CS, Brito GS, Raymon LP, Poland RE, Andrade EN, Andrade EO, Mash DC. 1999. Pharmacology of hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, in press.

Cowan JD. 1993. Alpha-theta brainwave biofeedback: The many possible theoretical reasons for its success. Biofeedback 21 (2), 11-16

Dafters RI, Duffy F, O'Donnell PJ, Bouquet C. 1999. Level of use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstacy) in humans correlates with EEG power and coherence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 145(1): 82-90.

Don NS, McDonough BE, Moura G, Warren CA, Kawanishi K, Tomita H, Tachibana Y, Böhlke M, Farnsworth NR. 1998. Effects of Ayahuasca on the human EEG. Phytomedicine, Vol. 5(2): 87-96. Fink M. 1976. Effects of acute and chronic inhalation of hashish. Marihuana, and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain electrical activity in man: evidence for tissue tolerance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 282: 282-387.

Fink, M. 1978. EEG and psychopharmacology. Contemp. Clin. Neurophys. Suppl. 34: 41-56.

Gamma A, Frei E, Lehmann D, Pascual-Marqui RD, Hell D, Vollenweider FX. 2000. Mood state and brain electric activity in ecstacy users. Neuroreport 11 (1): 157-62

Green E, Green A. Beyond Biofeedback. Dell Publishing Co.: New York 1977.

Grob CS, McKenna DJ, Callaway JC, Brito GS, Neves ES, Oberlaender G, Saide OL, Labigalini E, Tacla C, Miranda CT, Strassmann RJ, Boone KB. 1996. Human psychopharmacology of hoasca, a plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 184: 86-94.

Grob CS. 1999. The psychology of ayahuasca. In: Ayahuasca, Hallucinogens and Consciousness, Metzner R. (ed.). Thunders Mouth: New York, 214-250.

Hoffmann, E. 1998. Mapping the brain's activity after Kriya Yoga. (Scandinavian Yoga and Meditation School. Bindu 12: 10-13. Itil TM. 1968. Electroencephalography and pharmacopsychiatry. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 1: 163-194. 11

Krupitsky EM, Grinenko AY. 1997. Ten year study of ketamine psychedelic therapy (KTP) of alcohol dependence. The Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research. Volume I. The Heffter Research Institute, Santa Fe, NM

Lukas SE, Mendelson JH, Benedikt R. 1995. Electroencephalographic correlates of marihuanainduced euphoria. Drug Alcohol Depend 37 (2): 131-40.

McKenna D, Towers GHN, Abott FS. 1984. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and beta-carboline constituents of ayahuasca. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10:195-223.

McKenna DJ, Grob CS, Callaway JC. 1998. The scientific investigation og Ayahuasca: a review of past and current research. Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research 1: 65-77

Metzner R (ed.) Ayahuasca: Hallucinogens, Consciousness, and the Spirit of Nature. Thunder's Mouth Press: New York 1999,

Morley BJ, Bradley RJ. 1977. Spectral analysis of mouse EEG after the administration of N,Ndimethyltryptamine. Biol Psychiatry 12(6): 757-69.

Peniston EG, Kulkosky PJ. 1989. Alpha-theta brain wave training and beta-endorphin levels in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 13: 271-79.

Ray WJ. 1997. EEG concomitants of hypnotic susceptibility. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 45 (3): 301-13.

Strassman RJ, Qualls CR, Uhlenhuth EH. 1994. Dose-response study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. II: Subjective effects and preliminary results of a new rating scale. Archives of General Psychiatry 51: 98-108.

Vollenweider FX. 1998. Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. The Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research.

Volume I. The Heffter Research Institute, Santa Fe, NM

White NE. 1999. Theories of the effectiveness of alpha-theta training for multiple disorders. In Introduction to Quantative EEG and Neurofeedback Evans JR, Abarbanel A (eds.). Academic Press: New York.

Wikler A. 1954. Clinical and electroencephalographic studies on the effects of mescaline, Nallylnormorphine and morphine in man. J. Nervous and Mental Dis. 120: 157-175.